Black Friday: Best Black-Owned Wines to Shop

No better time than the annual Black Friday to load up on your favorites, empty your wish list or gift something special to a friend. With an evergrowing list of black-owned wines emerging, wine enthusiast can support a new wave of African-Americans who are breaking down barriers in the wine industry. These wines will bring joy to the world and peace on earth as you eat, drink and be merry throughout this holiday season. Take a look below for our top seven Black-Owned wines to shop this Black Friday.

LVE 2020 Chardonnay-One of John Legend's latest series frontrunner's is a 2020 Chardonnay. A creamy and rich Chard with a hint of floral, apricot and vanilla. This alluring wine has some citrus on the backend sure to win over your longtime Chardonnay fans. $14.99 ;14.5% ABV

Michael Lavelle Wines- This group of Howard alums have debunked the myth that frowns upon doing business with friends after a successful year one of launching, Iris Rose. The partners have created a beautiful dry blended rose from Pinot Grigio and Cabernet. The elegant red fruit wine awakens the palate with white peach and strawberry notes. Currently sold out online but can be found in store throughout DC, Illinois and at 1010 Wine & Events in Inglewood, CA. $25 ;11%ABV

Free Range Flower Winery RoseHybiscus: Take your wineos palate beyond the ordinary with this floral based wine sourced from organic rose & hibiscus flowers. According to Wine Enthusiast "Its tannins are velvety [and] it has earthy and herbal notes on the palate. It's also an award winning red wine taking home the silver medal at the 2019 Sunset International Wine competition. $30; 14%ABV

Maison Noir New Noir- A new addition to the Maison Noir portfolio, New Noir is a charming white blend of grapes from Germany. Partly Gewurztraminer, with some appearances from Pinot Gris, Muscat, Riesling and Pinot Blanc to round out an aromatic balance. $25

J Moss 2016 Cabernet Sauvignon- Famiy-owned and operated this Napa winery has been producing age worthy wines since 2010. This hand-harvested Cab is full of silky soft tannins and juicy black and red berries. Made in the Bordeaux style this California grown vintage is surely a crowd pleaser for true Cab lovers. $64

L'Objet 2012 Noir-Rooted within the Russian River Valley AVA the Pinot Noir grapes are biodynamicly grown. It makes for the perfect gifting wine for your collection or to share with friends. It's a lush treat that's a beautiful mix of earth tones and a velvety mouthfeel. $48

Brown Estate El Dorado- No list is complete without the OG's at Brown Estate. This experimental vintage is 100% Zinfadel grown in the Sierra Foothills. The ruby red Zin has layered notes of floral, cinnamon and ripe black raspberry. This is a high quality wine that ages over time. $42; 15.2%

A Festive Friendsgiving with Fetzer

Typically set a week away from the Thanksgiving holiday, Friendsgiving has become one of the best ways to express your gratitude for the connections and friendships you've made over the years. It's a gathering amongst friends who are your prayer warriors, confidants and biggest supporters. After a year like 2020, human connection and friendship are so important for a healthy and happy life. This year, I couldn't pass up the opportunity for an in-person celebration with a few of my faves. I've dubbed myself the rival hostess amongst my close friends. Always curating a vibe that brings people together for a good time with good wine.

The Vibe: The host is tasked with creating a memorable experience that's warm, fun and unforgettable. Your decor aesthetic should be stylish, with either a whimsical or minimalistic fall themed design. Earth tones and nudes create the perfect backdrop for all the fall feels. The tablescape is what truly sets any dinner party apart. Dark sage, terracotta, jute, dark brown and olive colors are best for a vibrant tablescape. I used a combination to create a rich and moody autumn vibe. I selected amber wine glasses instead of clear glasses and 10.5" black modern stoneware plates to complete a sleek look. No party is complete without an R & B playlist (provided by my best friend Valencia), hookah, games and a hot chocolate bar.

Friendsgiving with Fetzer Images by Nic High Visuals

Nic High Visuals

The Food: Choose comfort and wine friendly foods that are easy for sharing. Preparing a full Thanksgiving spread can be overwhelming for the host. If you want to keep things simple find a caterer or try a potluck style where each guests can show off their best dish. In this case, I opted for a catered meal to eliminate the pressure. I chose comfort food from Mia's Table, a local family favorite. Our meal consisted of backyard chicken, mac n cheese, mashed potatoes and bacon glazed brussel sprouts.

Nic High Visuals

Make sure the menu has a main course, sides and something green for a well-balanced meal. The acidity from a fresh salad or green veggies will help enhance the fruitiness in the wine. Don't forget the small bites which are essential while the rest of the meal is being prepared to serve, otherwise people might get hangry or full from the booze. Dessert is always an option and for this health concious group I chose a childlike and somewhat healthy dessert snack in mini caramel apples. Guests were able to choose from an assortment of toppings to create their own masterpiece.

The Wine: When wine and food are paired correctly, it brings out different flavors in the wine compared to drinking it on its own. As the host you should take into consideration your guests' preferences in wine and try to offer a variety of wines that pair well with your dinner menu. While red wines are primarily found on the dinner table for Thanksgiving, I chose food friendly and easy drinking whites from Fetzer Vineyards. Fetzer wines are affordable, flexible and sustainable as one of the largest B-corp certified wineries in the country. The Gewürztraminer, notably from Alsace, France is aromatic with notes of rose, white peach and honey. Its a full-bodied dry wine, high in alcohol with low acidity which balanced well with our baked chicken. If you're a fan of Riesling or Moscato, Gewürztraminer is a reason to leave your comfort zone. We also enjoyed a classic California Chardonnay, with pear, green apple and a hint of grapefruit on the nose. It has lively acidity with a touch of oak and fruit on the finish for a pleasing mouthfeel. I picked up both wines at my local Kroger for under $8. I love low budget wines that are truly undervalued.

Cheers to more memories, friendship and a festive Friendsgiving.

Rosé Roundup: Rosé Wines of the Moment

Annually, the second Saturday in June we celebrate everyone's favorite- rose. The popularity of rose' wine throughout the world has yet to decrease as it sits on a throne amongst it's summer counterparts. Really quick, let's get into how rosé wines are actually made. Rose' gets its color from red grape skins. The longer the skins make contact with the juice the more vibrant or darker the color will be. Contrary to belief, rosé wines aren't all perfectly pink. Some are naturally pale, peachy, copper and even closer to red. Originating in France and popularized throughout the US, rosé is a fruit forward wine that ranges from dry, sweet to sparkling. As an avid rosé aficionado, I've compiled seven affordable and food friendly favorites of the moment for you to enjoy this summer.

Schramsberg Brut Rosé - I was introduced to this elegant sparkling rosé a while back at a tasting. Pair it with grilled chicken, margherita pizza or my fave, a fatty piece of BBQ brisket. It's lively enough to pair with a gourmet meal or your next DoorDash. 12.6% ABV $37

Wolffer Summer in a Bottle Rosé 2020- The label alone is an eyecatcher, but the flavors are the real draw. Made mostly from the Merlot grape, this rosé unpacks some minerality and light acidity but doesn't overpower the fruit and floral aromas. This bottle can be sipped, gifted or stored as decor for your bar cart. 12.5% ABV $25

unnamed.jpg

Graham Beck Brut Rosé- Paying homage to the classic method this S. African sparkling wine is a delightful blend of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. It owes its unique silver-pink hue to an enzymatic reaction which happens during the transport of the Pinot Noir fruit to the cellar. Grab it locally at Spec’s and pour up at your next impromtu picnic in the park. 12% ABV $17.99
Drink Boxt Rosé- I love that this brand prides itself on producing quality wines in a sustainable fashion. The newly released rosé is the latest profile that's filled with floral aromas, bright acidity and strawberry notes. Cool off this summer with this limited-edition rosé use code: theblackwineo20 to sign up for your monthly membership. $89 Save $15 off membership.

La Fete Rose- I've featured La Fete French inspired rose a few times, because it's just that good. When I think of a classic dry rosé this wine tops my list. The hue of the wine glows like a fresh tan from the French Riveria. 13% ABV $25

Poema Brut Rosé- This affordable sparkling wine is so food friendly and easily a party starter. Hailing from Spain, Poema's Cava Brut Rosé has notes of fresh strawberry and raspberry with some acidity on the finish. It's quite the bargain bottle retailing under $15. This is the perfect bottle to blend in your frose this summer.11.5% ABV $13.99

Lost Draw Cellars Cinsault Rosé-With only 12 hours of skin contact this copper toned rosé is vibrant and elegant. It's comprised of 100% Texas grown grapes that rival the Mediterranean coast. Pair it with grilled salmon, a savory charcuterie board or a fresh summer salad.11.9%ABV $25

Black-owned Wine Notes & Pairings

THREE BY WADE CELLARS ROSÉ- A bright California Pinot Noir based rosé that’s perfect to enjoy year round or at the height of a hot girl summer. Dry but offers slight sweetness with floral flavors. Excellent choice to entertain friends, but worthy of special occasions.

Notes: On the nose, peach, strawbery fields and light aromas of red berry fruit. Vibrant acidicty keeps your mouth happy after the first sip.

Pairings: Versatile for food pairings this crisp rosé pairs well with sunshine, ceviche, fresh fruit salads, grilled turkey burgers and my favorite BBQ chicken. Rule of thumb: Fatty foods balance crisp acidic wines.

nQrq33yyT2KpcigZsZJY4w_pb_600x600.png

LVE CÔTES DE PROVENCE ROSÉ- 

A true Cotes de Provence from France. Soft pale pink illuminates in the bottle straight into your glass. This rosé is luxe, blended from grapes in sandstone soil and easy to drink.

Notes: This fruit forward rosé entices the nose with aromas of raspberry, apricot and juicy peach. On the palate, sweet strawberry, hints of white nectarine are balanced with a mineral finish.

Pairings: Beach days, backyard soirees, grilled salmon, veggie skewers and feta and a watermelon summer salad. This light dry rosé is great to impress your not so wine savvy friends.

PRT_1LECPFP319_PRTSMALLPIC_20201202_092749.png

MAISON NOIR O.P.P PINOT NOIR- The star of the Maison Noir family. A true ode to Oregon’s terrior, Williamette Valley. It sets the standard for US driven Pinot Noir’s.

Notes: This ruby red Pinot is bold, earthy and packs a hint of spice on the backend. Black Cherry and vanilla round out the mouthfeel and floral aromas are present on the nose.

Pairings: Pinot Noir is the boss of all bosses, as it’s light enough to hold it’s own against an array of foods. Red meat, fish or chicken dishes all compliment the acidity in pinot noir in unique ways.

Mouton_Noir_Wines_OPP_PinotNoir.png

7 Black-Owned Wines to Fall in Love with

February is Black History Month, a time dedicated to honoring the contributions and achievements of African Americans who've daringly paved the way. As a community, we become intentional with our purchases, diverting them to empower Black-owned businesses to strengthen our communities in a racially divided economy. The notion to #BuyBlack is a movement that extends into the wine industry, as less than one percent of US wineries are black-owned.

The lack of diversity is blaring and that's why representation from producer to consumer matters. Consumers help to increase visibility through demand. As we celebrate the significance of this time of year we're encouraing our fellow wineo's to spread the LOVE and support these seven Black-owned wines this month. *Insert shameless plug don't forget to join us later on February 12th at O.S.T Liquor Store for a special Valentine's Day wine tasting featuring one of the Black-owned winemakers on our list. More info HERE.

Fall.png

Love Cork Screw Head Over Heels Riesling $18-

Fall "head over heels" with this Black-Owned wine based in Chicago which prides itself on tantalizing all five senses. This sweet Riesling has a lemony-grapefruit character and offers sweet wine lovers balance with its ripe peach and citrus aromas. Rieslings are perfect to pair with your favorite white chocolate dessert for a night cap. 11.5% ABV

Head-Over-Heels-1000x1000-1-800x800.jpg

Flo Wines Red Blend $20- A budget-friendly California red blend that has found its way into my heart. Perfect to pair with grilled juicy meats and a group of friends who don't take themselves too seriously. 13.5% ABV

Flo+Red+Blend+Bottle+Shot.png

Lyons Wine Lambrusco $40- Thank Clubhouse for the introduction. This frizzante hails from the Emilia-Romagna region known for it's sparkling red Lambrusco. Visionary, Chris Lyons is known for creating high-quality products and he doesn't miss with this homage to the popular varietal from the late 60s. Cozy up on the couch with this fruit-forward wine and a cheesy pepperoni pizza. 10.5% ABV

lyons.jpg

Cheramie Riesling $24- This 100% Texas grown varietal is the pride and joy of a Black woman winemaker. An off-dry Riesling with light acidity and green apple notes that highlight the unique character of the Texas High Plains soil. Pair it with your Friday night playlist and best dance moves. 11.9% ABV

CheramieWine-8_1024x1024.jpg

Three by Wade Rose $24- It’s produced by basketball legend, Dwayne Wade and slowly becoming my favorite rose to drink on any given day. Lovely floral aromas add to its fruity fresh character and it's surely a slam dunk for any rosé enthusiast. This bottle is made for those who enjoy luxury on a dime. 11.3% ABV

wade.png

Indigene Cellars Paso Robles Grenache Blanc $30- This central Cali variety is most widely known for its richness and crisp acidity. Originating in Spain and popularized in France, Grenache Blanc is a single varietal mostly used in white blends. The bits of minerality make this an interesting wine to enjoy amongst your wine snob friends.

indigene.jpg

P. Harrell Three Fifteen Zinfadel $37- Hailing from Sonoma California, P. Harrell Wines offers a traditional Zinfadel that's versatile and delicious. Hints of cinnamon, clove and pepper support this fruit driven Zinfandel. Enhance the profile with a braised lamb pairing and a scenic view. 14.8% ABV

pharrell.png

The 25 Wines of Christmas Holiday Gift Guide: Natural Wines

If you're an avid wine drinker you’ve probably explored the world of natural or biodynamiclly grown the grown wines as they’ve become increasingly popular in recent years. These wines are for the environmentally conscious and health freaks who want to adopt a guiltless drinking lifestyle. Yes, that vegan friend in your life that can’t stop reminding you about their newfound wellness journey.

Natural wines are produced with minimal intervention. From cultivation of the grape to fermentation the entire process is thoughtfully produced with no sulfites or additives. No grapes were harmed in the making of this bottle. Don't be confused when shopping for natural wines because a common misconception is that organic, vegan and natural wines are the same. All natural wines can be organic but not all organic wines are natural. What does this even mean? "Made with organic grapes" wines are organically produced but may contain a minimal amount of sulfites. Certified organic or natural wines are made with organic grapes and contain no sulfur or additives. To make your holiday shopping easier check out part two of the 25 Wines of Christmas gift guide featuring popular natural wines to sip this holiday season or gift to the wine connoisseur in your life.

Le Coste Ripazzo Bianco 2019- $29.95 A young Italian white blend of Procanico, Malvasia, and Roscetto which are found in the Lazio region. It reminds me of Trebbiano, a grape that's suitable for Texas soil. It has a lively pear nose with a hint of exotic fruit on the palate rounded out with natural acidity. 12% ALC

lecoste.png

Dry Farm Wines- $88 Natural family farmed wines delivered right to your door that are pefect to begin your natural wine journey. This one time order of 3 bottles also includes complimentary shipping. Mix it up and get a variety of natural reds and whites. This is your best attempt to sip carb-free wines since they contain less sugar than most. 12.5% ALC or lower.

dryfarm.jpg

Montinore Estate Vivace- $25 A sparkling blended wine from Oregon's infamous Williamette Valley. It's refreshing with a hint of sweetness from the Riesling varietal. Perfect to pop on New Year's Eve. It has a citrus bouquet with ripe green apple and crisp lemon notes on the finish. 12.3% ALC

Montinore_Estate_Vivace.png

Occhipinti II Frappato Sicilia 2018- $48.99 Frappato is a red grape varietal that primarily grows in Silcily, Italy, but is typically used in blends. Arianna, a young woman-owned producer intentionally harvest with sustainability in mind. This light bodied red has vibrant red berries on the nose and palate perfect for red wine lovers. This wine is a rare find in your local boutique wine shop or can be purchased online through Astor. Unfortunately, they don’t offer shipping to Texas. 13% ALC

occhipinti-il-frappato-2014.jpg

The 25 Wines of Christmas Holiday Gift Guide: Wines Under $20

To make your holiday shopping easier we have compiled a list of 25 of the best wine bottles to gift this holiday season. This list features something for everyone (of drinking age) in your life to enjoy this Christmas or bring in the new year. We've got budget bottles for those last-minute gift ideas, Black-owned, Texas-made and natural wines guaranteed to please almost anyone on your list. Giving the gift of alcohol is always a good idea and why not go beyond the basic bottle of wine and treat yourself or the wine-o in your life to something special after enduring a year like 2020. Whether they enjoy red, white, or sparkling this list has you covered. Check out part one of the 25 Wines of Christmas featuring affordable bottles under $20 to sip this holiday season or gift to the wine connoisseur in your life.

Neighborhood Cellar- Dallas, TX

Neighborhood Cellar- Dallas, TX

1. A to Z Wineworks Pinot Noir $20- This native Oregon wine is produced by a group of wine veterans who have continued to set the standard for vineyards throughout the region. Named best American Pinot Noir under $20 by Food & Wine magazine this Pinot offers great value and stays true to the characteristics of Oregon's favorite grape.

Perfectly Paired: That friend you can call at anytime of the day and they answer.

17azPN-web.png

 

2. Aria Estate Brut by Segura Viudas $15.99-  Since most affordable bottles of Champagne range from $35-65, I suggest getting the bubbly drinker in your life the next best thing, a bottle of Cava. Cava is a sparkling wine hailing from Spain which offers fine bubbles, fresh citrus and crisp notes typically using Macabeo, Xarel-lo and Parellada grapes. Enjoy all the fizz minus the fuss with this bottle of sparkling. 12% ALC

Perfectly Paired: The hostess with the mostess who knows it’s not truly a celebration unless the bubbles are flowing.

segura-viudas-cava-aria-estate-brut-segura-viudas_180x.jpg

3. Crios Torrontes 2018 $15.99- Susana Balboa Wines has been dubbed the "Queen of Torrontes" for crafting a unique white wine which rivals Mendoza, Argentina's most popular varietal. Widely known for producing award winning Malbec's the regions has something else to brag about as this refreshing white rightfully takes its place as star of the show. 13.5% ALC

Perfectly Paired- The sushi or shellfish lover in your life who enjoys a good fish fry or seafood boil.

CRIOS-TORRONTES-e1524629555529-600x600.png

4. Marchese Di Borgosole Riserva DOC $12.99- Escape to picturesque Southern Italy as this bottle takes red lovers on an adventure exploring spicy fruit notes and aromas of toasted vanilla. The Negromano grape provides soft tannins and an easy drinking wine that is flavorful and not overpowering.

Perfectly Paired- A daring palate and a room with a view.

13281584447518.png

5. Cardinale Lanata Moscato D'Asti $18.99- Upgrade the wine-o in your life with this sparkling dessert wine that is perfect to pop alongside your favorite holiday baked goods or by itself. This bottle offers just the right amount of sweetness for those who stay within their comfort zone or consume wine on occasion.

Perfectly Paired: Your favorite auntie who can’t stop raving about Stella Rosa wines.

3oOQ4hQcTbi8RPVkYqurXw_pb_x600.png

6. Earthworks Barossa Shiraz 2016 $19.97-I fell in love with this bold red at a recent tasting and thought it would serve well for wine-o's who enjoy dark berry reds that are complex and smoothly satisfying on the palate. It's the perfect dinner wine to entertain and doesn't break the bank.

Perfectly Paired: Your bougie cousin who reminds everyone you are not married yet at all the family functions.

earthworks-shiraz-2016.jpg

The Magic of Mourvedre: Lost Draw Cellars

Since 2014, partners and vintners Troy Otterman, Andy Timmons and Andrew Sides have transformed Lost Draw Cellars from a family-owned winery into a vital source of quality grapes for several Texas wineries. While making seriously great wines that highlight the terrior of the Texas High Plains, Lost Draw Cellars continues to produce real Texas wine grown from vineyards like La Pradera Vineyards near Lubbock, TX. I was first introduced to this winery through my friends at William Chris Vineyards after winemakers Chris Bundrett and Andrew Sides teamed up on a convienent can of rose wine called Sway Rose. I've been a fan of the brand every since. If you've been here before you're familiar with Mourvedre, a popular grape varietal hailing from Old World regions in Spain which equally grows well in warm climates like Texas. Cheers to uncorking the magic found in this bottle. Don't forget to pickup the latest 2018 vintage from Lost Draw Cellars HERE.

IMG-3365.jpg

The Grapes: 100% Mourvedre. 13.8 %ALC. The 2017 vintage was aged in french oak for 20 months which helps to soften the tannins. The grapes were sourced from vineyards within the High Plains of Texas. Grapes grown in this climate can make wines of great character with excellent tannins and aromas.

The Notes: Medium to full-bodied. It's smooth, with rich flavors and a vibrant, deep plum color. The nose is definitely on the savory side with herbal notes, I even picked up some leather. On the palate this full-bodied red bursts with dark fruit, blackberry, plum and spice.

The Pairings: Enjoy this food friendly wine with a variety of your favorite Texas staple dishes like enchiladas, brisket toastadas, grilled t-bone steaks or sip it on a cool fall evening on its own. I paired it with brisket bruschetta, a twist on a small bite classic. I loved how this wine complimented the fatty brisket and elevated the flavors of the wine on the finish.

IMG-3269.jpg

The Sweetest Taboo: McPherson Cellars Tre Colore

“You give me the sweetest taboo/That's why I'm in love with you”

Don’t be confused this is an ode to two of life’s sweetest temptations- Chocolate and red wine. As we prepare to say farewell to another Texas Wine Month we're sharing our love for this decadent pairing of chocolate and wine in celebration of National Chocolate Day. I've been dying to try McPherson Cellars infamous Tre Colore, a unique fusion of three grapes well known for growing within the Rhone Valley, as well as Texas. I figured this would be the perfect time to see how well it holds up against these irresistible confections. I decided to pair the Tre Colore with an assortment of sweet vices by making a chocolate dessert charcuterie board. Dark chocolate much like red wine has a reputation of having amazing health benefits that enhance your energy and nourish your body. McPherson Cellars extended their Southern hospitality to me and shipped a few bottles to keep the party going during Texas Wine Month.

McPherson Cellars- Tre Colore 13.1% ALC $18 Purchase HERE or at your local Total Wine & More.

2017 Tre Colore McPherson Cellars

2017 Tre Colore McPherson Cellars

The Notes: Deep mulberry red to garnet in color. The aromas are complex and expressed with fruits like dark cherry and plum. On the palate the wine expands to highlight notes of black pepper, smoke and dark red berries. The earthy tannins are subtle in this three grape blend which strikingly reminds me of another Texas favorite, Mourvedre.

The Grapes: Cinsault 45%, Counoise 45%, Viognier 10%

The versatility of Cinsault makes it the perfect base for this creation, it lends its bright red hue and black pepper notes to the bottle. The Counoise grape lifts the aromatic profile bringing in aromas of blueberries and cherries. On its own Counoise is full of fruitiness and vibrant acidity, but blended with the other varietals helps to round out the fruit flavors. Viognier, a dry full-bodied white grape adds a touch of silkiness to the 2017 vintage with its delicate floral and tropical fruit notes. All three of these grapes grow well under the Texas sun.

The Pairing:

I love approachable reds that are still intriguing. While this red complements well with Texas staples like BBQ and Tex-Mex, its pleasurable on its own. The magical merger of chocolate and assorted red fruits contrast the smokiness in the wine producing a sweet and silky mouthfeel. I’d even pair it with some fatty red meats like a ribeye steak or pork which helps to highlight the tannins.

Shopping List for Chocolate Dessert Charcuterie Board:

IMG-3152.jpg

Dark Chocolate bars

Hershey’s Milk Chocolate bars

Yogurt covered Almonds

Lotus Biscoff Cookies

Chocolate Hummus

½ Lb Strawberries

Dark chocolate Granola bites

Blackberries or Blueberries

Dried Cranberries

Apple slices

Cashews

Dried Figs

Red/Purple Floral garnish

Chocolate Dessert Charcuterie Board

Chocolate Dessert Charcuterie Board

The "T" is for Texas: Llano Estacado Reserve Cellar Tempranillo

Fall has always been my favorite time of year. It’s the perfect season to get cozy with a good bottle of wine, fall scents, a boo and a cheesy rom-com.  As a lover of Texas wine it’s my duty to remind my fellow wine-o’s about the unofficial holiday designed to please our palates during this season. Annually, Texas Wine Month kicks off in October where locals and tourists from all over the world are encouraged to sip and support the more than 400 wineries and tasting rooms throughout the state. This period of time is promoted to wine enthusiasts to increase wine sales and develop a deeper connection to the beauty and simplicity of Texas winemaking. West Texas is known for its thriving ag community, however the wine industry would like a word. With over 8 million acres the region is mostly rural with dry summers and cool evenings. The flat terrain also helps to produce a range of grapes that are best suited for growing in Texas. Together, these are good indicators of the regions dynamics and uniqueness in winemaking.

2017  Llano Estacado Reserve Cellar Tempranillo- 13.9% ALC

2017 Llano Estacado Reserve Cellar Tempranillo- 13.9% ALC

Llano Estacado Winery is one of Texas’ longest running and premium wineries known for laying the foundation for the style of Texas winemaking. Producing world-class wines and remaining versatile has kept them at the top of their game for over four decades. With more than 60 wines in their portfolio Llano shows no sign of slowing down. I decided to kick off the unofficial holiday by pouring a bottle of their Tempranillo from the wineries Reserve Cellar collection. The collection is home to a thoughtfully curated selection of small batch wines. You’re probably familiar with Tempranillo and its origin of Spain however don’t be fooled the “ T ” in Tempranillo stands for Texas. In recent years it’s been named as the signature grape from the thriving Texas wine industry. If you’re a fan of earthy Cabs you’ll likely love this varietal. This medium to full-bodied red is filled with a generous amount of tannins, plum, red berries and some oak which leaves a textured finish on the palate. I also picked up hints of almond and vanilla. At 13.9% this wine is pretty high in alcohol content so be mindful when trying to consume the entire bottle during cuffing season. I paired this wine with a meaty portion of slow cooked oxtails, garlic mashed potatoes and parmesan asparagus. This hearty dish was perfect for my fall comfort craving and complimented the rich Tempranillo well. I’d also recommend entrees that are seasoned with paprika for added spice. If you’re a true Texan, you’ll have no issues pairing your pours with beef tostadas, chorizo stew or even chicken and sausage gumbo. Llano relies on a blend of red grapes with 79% Tempranillo, 10% Tannat, 6% Mourvèdre and 5% Graciano. The bold blend of reds are perfectly good on their own, but even better together especially grown on Texas soils. Tasting rooms in Texas are slowly beginning to open their doors thanks to Governor Abbott loosening the reigns amid the pandemic, but you can still pickup a bottle to add to your collection HERE or from your local Total Wine & More. Be sure to follow @Llanowine on Instagram or visit www.llanowine.com to stay updated on special events throughout Texas Wine Month.

Llano Estacado Reserve Cellar Tempranillo

13.9% ALC

79% Tempranillo, 10% Tannat, 6% Mourvèdre and 5% Graciano

$25

2017 Llano Estacado Reserve Cellar Tempranillo- 13.9% ALC

2017 Llano Estacado Reserve Cellar Tempranillo- 13.9% ALC

Tap In: 7 Places to Sip Sustainably in Houston

Over the years we’ve seen the wine industry evolve from the standards of the Old World. For the wineo’s who’ve transitioned from boxed wine to the now current trend—-canned wines, there is a new sheriff in town and it’s here to stay! Younger consumers continue to popularize and create demand for these new trends due to it's convenience and sustainability.

Wine on tap isn't necessarily a new trend however, it's finally gaining it’s rightful place as restaurants and wineries work together to lower costs and reduce waste in an industry known for a tremendous amount during the production process. Less than 30 percent of glass bottles used for wine and liquor are recycled. There are many benefits of consuming tap wine and they trickle down from producer directly to consumer. Wine on tap presumably stays fresher longer because it's not exposed to oxygen. On average a glass of wine from a keg is 13% cheaper than bottled wine according to National Restaurant News. Kegs eliminate the hassle of foil cutting, uncorking and limits the massive pounds of trash from landfills over time. So what do you say? Let's all do our part to become more eco-friendly while supporting the growing movement. We’ve rounded up over seven (technically nine) places in the Greater Houston area for you to sip sustainably. Check out the list below and give us a shout if we missed any.

wv-2013-12-22_freeflow.png

Bravery Wine Bar- This new Downtown hotspot features 30 wines on a custom, state-of-the-art tap system. Selections from around the world are paired to each kitchen within the chef hall. 

Max's Wine Dive- Mostly known for its heavenly pairing of fried chicken and champagne, Max’s serves up a buttery Chardonnay from Buttercake, Pinot Grigio, Cabernet Sauvignon, Black Forest Pinot Noir. A California Red Zinfadel rounds out the list.  

Heights Bier Garden- This neighborhood bar in the Heights has over 30 wines on tap to choose from. Tickle your palate with their elevated bar bites and Duchman’s Vermentino featured on the wine list.

Jonathan's the Rub-   Seven wines on tap featuring a dynamic range of reds and whites. A food friendly favorite in Joel Gott’s Sauvignon Blanc finds its rightful place in the rotation.

Crisp- Choose from nine different reds and eight whites on tap served by the glass at this longtime Heights staple. The Enomatic System allows you to sample 1oz. pours before committing to purchase a full glass or bottle.

Harold's Restaurant & Tap Room- The tap room located on the bottom level is home to four reds, three whites, one Prosecco and one rosé wine. They also carry three of their mouth-watering cocktails on tap.

Holman Draft Hall- Grab your happy hour gang and descend on Midtown to enjoy a selection of four reds, three whites, and one Prosecco on tap.

*Honorable mention goes to Sixty Vines- located in Rice Village who we’ve featured in the past. Cheers to 60 reasons to wine and dine at Sixty Vines. With a wine list featuring over 20 whites and 14 reds from around the world your options are endless. Tip: Don’t sleep on the Vine Huggers varietals. Local Pour- Headed out to the Woodlands for a staycation? Swing by this gastropub from 4-7pm daily for happy hour and $1 off their simple selection of a red and white wine on tap.

That's On Texas..

I believe in divine timing. Everything happens for a reason and in due time. Originally, I began my journey to obtain my WSET I certification, but right after launching my blog I decided to take a different direction. I've always believed the blog to serve as a platform for Black and brown millennials to gain more knowledge about the world of wine in a less intimidating fashion. As a true Texan, I also hoped to highlight the sophistication of Texas winemaking and showcase my appreciation for the winemakers who have created a lane of their own. After visiting Napa earlier this year I began to realize the distinct differences between America’s beloved wine country and the Texas hills. With a new focus, I began to seek out opportunities to learn more about grape growing in Texas. The instructor from my Intro to Wine course suggested I take the Texas Wine Specialist certification to gain more insight. Eager to begin this new journey, I contacted the Texas Wine School about taking the course, but due to an ongoing pandemic in-person classes were cancelled in early March and the start date for the course was postponed. So now we wait. Finally in July, they began offering webinar style courses for the certification. At the beginning of August, I officially passed my final exam and obtained my certification as a Texas Wine Specialist. Insert confetti and a round of applause.

Photo by Ally Green Photography

Photo by Ally Green Photography

In a short amount of time I learned a lot about the roots of Texas viticulture and why it's on the heels of its popular peers (California and Oregon) as the best wine growing region in the US. I'm sharing some of the cool facts and my must-have varietals from the great state in hopes that my fellow Black wine-o's will support the Texas wine industry and incorporate more Texas produced wine into their collections and daily drinking habits. (Trust, I won’t judge.)

As the old saying goes, “Everything is bigger and better in Texas. Wine is no exception. Texas is home to 8 unique AVA's. The largest is Texas Hill Country which is known as the wine tourism capital with over 9 million acres. It’s the second largest region in the US behind California’s Napa Valley and Sonoma. With hot and humid summers and mild rain Texas’ climate is suitable for growing grapes similar to France, Spain and Italy. Texas is actually larger than France, but their weather conditions are similar which produces quality Mediterranean grapes. Common varietals produced are Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Malbec, Tempranillo, Tannat, Black Spanish, Viognier, Mourvedre, Sangiovese, Trebbiano, and Vermentino. If you’re looking to expand your palate try one or all of these seven wines below from some of my favorite Texas winemakers.

Top 7 Texas Varietals to Take Home

William Chris Vineyards Mary Ruth 2019

Notes: Honeysuckle, white peach and lemon on the palate.

ABV: 11.4%

Pairing: Baked chicken thighs, Seafood with light cream sauces and shellfish entrees.

McPherson Cellars 2016 Vermentino (Currently on sale for $5 a bottle minimum order of 4qty.)

Notes: Medium acidity, but balanced with subtle citrus notes and an almond finish.

ABV: 12.8%

Pairing: Salmon, Red snapper, oysters, pork tenderloin

Becker Vineyards 2017 Viognier

Notes: Hint of lemon or citrus on the nose and tropical fruits on the palate

ABV: 14.2%

Pairing: Shellfish entrees, fresh salads, roasted veggies

William Chris Vineyards Mourvedre 2017 Timmons Estate

Notes: Dark cherry and plums

ABV: 13.6%

Pairing: Grilled burgers, TX BBQ and pizza

Llano Estacado Chenin Blanc NV

Notes: Subtle sweetness, aromatic pear and citrus on the nose

ABV: 12%

Pairing: Spicy seafood or Thai dishes or a Taco Tuesday feast.

Bingham Vineyards Roussane 2018

Notes: Full bodied white wine with a floral and herbaceous aroma

ABV: 13.8%

Pairing: Carbonara, Pork, Gouda and Manchego cheeses

Fall Creek Vineyards 2014 GSM

Notes: A rich baddie blend of 21% Grenache, 48% Syrah and 31% Mourvedre

ABV: 14%

Pairing: Pork Tenderloin, Lamb Chops and tomato-based pasta dishes

The Key to Summer Sippin': William Chris Vineyards

It has been months of quarantine for many of us, but summer fun and sippin' doesn't have to be cancelled. We've got the key to enjoying a cool summer at-home with William Chris Vineyards' Skeleton Key, Proprietors White 2019. A decade ago, when owners Bill and Chris began their journey in the heart of Texas Hill Country, they found a skeleton key on the estate of soon-to-be William Chris Vineyards which they say unlocked their passion for Texas winemaking. Fast forward to today, and the widely popular Texas vineyard is producing world-class wine. The vineyard is mostly known for an impressive lineup of red wines made from grapes in West Texas and Hill Country. The Skeleton Key white varietal is easily one of the least intimidating wines from the brand.

IMG-0055.jpg

The Skeleton Key 2019 Proprietors White, young in vintage, is blended perfectly to achieve a natural acidicity. William Chris has been perfecting this varietal for years relying on a blend of grapes that grow exceptionally well in the humid and summer Texas heat. Aged in French oak barrels the Rousanne grape originally from the Rhone Valley, used as a base, produces an aromatic wine. The skins create a beautiful golden amber hue that shines bright like a sunny afternoon in the city. I appreciate easy-drinking wines like the Skeleton Key, because it reminds you that wine doesn't have to be intimidating to enjoy. On the nose a scent of goldenberry, green tea and sweet pineapple. I even taste some citrus on the finish. This is a wine that will appeal to any wine-o, especially one with a white wine preference. It's fresh, beautiful and ready to enjoy for any occasion.

How to Enjoy: Chilled, enjoyed at sunset in the backyard, with friends or poolside. I personally paired this blend with a shrimp ceasar salad for dinner one evening, but I think it would be good with a cream-based pasta or grilled chicken and veggies. I mostly prefer lighter dishes that compliment the healthy bit of sweetness in the wine. This is a refreshing wine meant to be consumed during any celebration. It’s desirable to cool off after a long day hanging out in the sun.

Where to Find: William Chris wines are available in some area HEB stores and higher end grocery retailers like Whole Foods and Central Market here in Texas, or you can purchase a bottle or two on www.williamchriswines.com; $20.

Celebrate National Wine and Memorial Day with These Picks

The infamous three-day weekend known as “Memorial Day Weekend” has finally arrived, and it marks the unofficial start of one of my favorite seasons. Summer weather can be beneficial during harvest as producers throughout the US leverage the mild to dry temperatures to produce their best grapes. Traditionally, this weekend would be celebrated with oversized portions of Texas BBQ, on the beach or at a day party. As we adjust to new safety standards for all things outside, only a few things remain consistent, and that is the amount of alcohol that will be consumed during the holiday weekend. Wine-o’s will have an extra reason to celebrate as Monday, May 25th is also observed as National Wine Day. As we prepare to raise our stemware to salute the bravery of those who’ve served our country, we’re giving you a few new wine picks to try this weekend or simply add to your collection.

La Ferme Julien Blanc- This five grape blend varietal is classy, bougie and a little ratchet. It’s savage.

Tasting Notes- Elegant in taste and finish this well-balanced wine boasts notes of citrus, light floral aromas and peach.

Perfect Pairing- I love refreshing white wines and this luscious wine pairs well with almost any lemon or garlicky pasta, chicken kabobs, or grilled pork chops if you’re thinking about bringing something to your backyard soiree.

Where to Shop- If you’re a TJ’s fan you can pickup this bottle for under $7 at Trader Joe’s which also carries the brands rosé varietal. This is a high quality French wine at a reasonable price for the wine-o with bougie tendencies on a budget.

Photo Credit: La Ferme Julien

Photo Credit: La Ferme Julien


Yes We Can Sway Rosé- The collaboration of two Texas favorites in William Chris Vineyards and Lost Draw Cellars.

Tasting Notes- This dry rosé excites the palate with aromas of tropical fruit, berries and honeysuckle. With no sugar added it’s low in carbs and acidity, but still crisp and light for the summertime.

Perfect Pairing- I love pairing rosé wine with just about anything. Once chilled perfectly pair it with grilled redfish or a turkey burger to enhance the flavor profiles of the meat.

Where to Shop- If you reside in Texas it won’t be too hard to get your hands on either the canned Sway Rosé which comes in 187ML 4-pk or the 750ML bottle at your neighborhood grocery store. I typically get lucky at Whole Foods, Central Market or select HEB locations. Grab yours HERE

Photo Credit: Yes We Can Sway Rose

Photo Credit: Yes We Can Sway Rose


Embrazen Chardonnay- A bold wine to celebrate iconic women who have lived their lives boldly.

Tasting Notes-This rich Chardonnay has notes of green apple, vanilla and hints of honeysuckle on the finish. If you enjoy a dry and textured Chardonnay this medium to full-bodied wine feels luxurious on the tongue.

Perfect Pairing- This wine compliments a variety of white cheeses, grilled lamb chops, and shellfish like crab and lobster. I recently paired this wine with a salad, but it’s pleasurable to be enjoyed as an everyday wine.

Where to Shop- My home away from home, Total Wine & More carries Embrazen wines as well as some select Trader Joe’s. You can also grab it directly from the Embrazen Wines website HERE.

Photo Credit: Vivino

Photo Credit: Vivino

7 Gift Worthy Wines for Mother's Day

Mother’s Day is just around the corner and we’re giving you another list. Yes, another monthly list of wines perfect for your favorite girl. The Covid-19 crisis has made it difficult to celebrate Mother’s Day, but we’ve compiled seven worthy mom approved wines to make her day full of CHEERS!

Field Recordings Pet Nat Rose- This fizzy sparkling wine bares notes of pink grapefruit, strawberry and is perfect to carry into the summer months. Produced on the Central coast of California this varietal is sure to intrigue mom’s taste buds if she prefers bubbles. The “Dear Mom” special edition bottle doubles as a keepsake with a space available for a sentimental hand written note.

Pet Nat Field Recordings

Pet Nat Field Recordings

Bota Box RedVolution Wine- My mother’s love of Franzia’s Zinfadel peaked my curiosity at an early age for box wines. They say “A Mother knows Best” and obviously it’s true as most boxed wines are inexpensive, but have high value compared to bottled wines. A box wine contains three liters of wine which equals to four bottles of a standard 750ML bottle. This is the ultimate gift that keeps on giving at the fraction of the price. Add on this Boxxle box wine dispenser to keep the wine fresh for up to six weeks.

001908826.jpg

McBride Sisters Sauvignon Blanc- Since last week we celebrated International Sauvignon Blanc Day it’s a good time to highlight this fruit forward wine from the Marlborough region in New Zealand. The luscious aromas comprised of passionfruit, honey and lime are captivating and unique to the vineyards of the region.

MSC_Sauv19_nodates-TOQABY.png

Chloe Red No. 249 Red Blend- I finally started working my way through the Chloe collection, and surprisingly this blend happens to be my favorite along with their Pinot Grigio. This wine tastes like wealth for under $20. The oak flavors help provide a little kick of spice on the finish.

chloe-red2492020.png

Albino Armani Pinot Grigio- This is the perfect bottle to add to mom’s collection if she’s a white wine lover. This dry and minerally Pinot from Italy allows the notes of apple, honeysuckle and pear to tickle the palate upon first sip. The light to medium bodied wine pairs well with lighter food dishes like scallops, halibut and even oysters.

albino.png

J Vineyards + Winery Chardonnay- J Winery specializes in the Old World technique and produces a high quality range of white, sparkling and reds. This simple yet acidic Chardonnay is bursting with soothing citrussy notes like lemon and grapefruit. This wine is complex and easily a favorite of wine critics and enthusiasts alike.

JVW_Char_V18_750_210006895.png

Bénédicte et Stéphane Tissot Cremant de Jura-This sparkling rose wine is 60% Pinot Noir, 20% Poulsard and 20% Trousseau and hails from the Jura appellation of France. The intense fruit forward notes will transport you to the vineyard which specializes in cultivating wines that are biodynamic. Since quarantine has halted traveling to a French vineyard i picked this bottle up at a local wine shop, Avondale Food & Wine for $39. You can grab a bargain bottle of Tissot Marie Cremant du Jura from Total Wines & More for $18.

2456da4ce8c493861938031f30ea4e2a-1_1800x1800.png

Winederlust: Post Quarantine Travel Bucket List

When we first began 2020, I had high hopes of knocking a few destinations off my travel bucket list. Some of my most recent trips were inspired by my adoration of wine and the discovery of their regions of origin. In the wake of a global pandemic it has almost made it impossible to think about traveling without some form of anxiety arising. The truth is, we still don't know what the long-term impact Covid-19 will have on tourism. Our new normal, while temporary has basically stolen much of our optimism during this time. Honestly, I have been so focused on preserving my mental health that i've neglected blogging about wine, but somehow have managed to drink a ridiculous amount as I accept this new reality. However, this is my attempt to build a greater sense of connectedness through wine and exploration. A new survey suggests travel will make a comeback. More than half of Americans (58%) are planning to travel between May and September 2020, as long as their destinations aren't in quarantine, according to a survey conducted by Luggage Hero. So if you're apart of the 58% of YOLO Americans planning to pack their bags post shelter-at-home, we've compiled a list of seven boozy vacation hotspots-- and a few bomb wine events worth adding to your own bucket list. These destinations maybe familiar and already on your radar or maybe something that you've overlooked, but either way sure to cure your cabin fever.

Los Angeles- The most popular wine regions in the USA are notably just hours away from this Southern Californian staple. For the past 10 years the French champagne house, Veuvue Cliquot has hosted its polo classic match for a host of celebrities, bubbly lovers and I would only assume polo sports fans at Will Rogers State Park. Thousands of fashionable people gather on the lawn with their glasses held high and full of champagne. Annually, this event takes place in the fall so you still have time to plan ahead. The weather will be perfect in October to enjoy the entertainment, Instagram backdrops and champagne by the glass or bottle. 

Image Credit: The Bosco

Image Credit: The Bosco

Mexico- Mexico is a nonconventional wine region that continues to make it's presence felt in the conversation of world-class wines. Just two hours south of San Diego, the Valle of Guadalupe has become one of the countries biggest tourist attractions. The breathtaking grassy vineyards stretch far beyond the border and down a trail to home of over 100 wineries. The weekend long Valle Food and Wine Festival kicks off in early October, which affords wine-o's an opportunity to try Nebbiolo or Colombard grapes popular within the region. Known as the less pretentious version of  Napa Valley, Valle de Guadalupe is also home to a few award winning chefs to satisfy the foodie in you. Be sure to leave room on your itinerary for a stop in neighboring valleys of Calafia and San Antonia de las Minas.

South Africa- I remember having the pleasure of briefly learning about the South African wine industry from Tukwini Mandela, co-owner and winemaker of House of Mandela through a privileged interview with Houston Style Magazine. With history dating back to over 350 years, I became enamored with the culture of winemaking in South Africa. Insert, Soweto Wine & Lifestyle Festival, a 2-day wine fest of the ages in Johannesburg, which takes place annually each September. Winemakers from Cape Town and beyond descend on the city to showcase the best South African wines. Taste more than 1,000 award-winning wines during this fete fit for the advanced wine-o.

Image Credit: Ashley Renne

Image Credit: Ashley Renne

Oregon- After I became serious about wine education this state moved to the top of my "places to visit'‘ list. While Oregon is home to five appellations, the most popular in the Williamvette Valley, is known for its world-renowned Pinot Noir that rivals the Burgundy wines of France. Visit the vines at the most respected and oldest winery, at Hillcrest Vineyard who prides itself on its use of traditional techniques of the old world. Luckily, Portland has mild rains and weather through early fall to take advantage of your time spent here.

Texas Hill Country- This oasis in the rolling hills is just short from the capital city of Austin. In recent years, Texas Hill Country has made a name for itself as a leading producer of quality wines in the United States. With more than 50 wineries along the 290 wine trail this destination serves as a serene escape from the hustle and bustle of city life. Tucked away along winding roads and step hills you'll find a variety of traditional, fortified and natural wines to tickle your palate. Sunny and warm climates throughout the year make this destination, a no-brainer. Most notable cities include Fredericksburg, Wimberley and Dripping Springs.

Image credit: William Chris Vineyards

Image credit: William Chris Vineyards

Virginia- October is reserved as Virginia Wine Month, and welcomes visitors from all across the country who appreciate generations of old world winemaking techniques. Virginia is known for its fertile soil and mild climates which produce aromatic and balanced wines. Grape varietals of Cabernet Franc, Viognier and Petit Verdot are prominent throughout the Shenandoah Valley and beyond. Winemakers continue to mix the old with the new as they revolutionize standards for well-made wine. Just a hop, skip and a jump away from metropolitan cities like D.C. and Baltimore, you can extend your weekend travels to tour the more than 300 wineries within the state.

New Mexico- With five wine regions, New Mexico is home to one of our favorite sparkling Rose wines at Gruet Winery, a family-owned winery which has been producing well-made wines for more than 25 years. Land in Albuquerque and sip wines from one of the oldest wine growing regions in the country. New Mexico isn’t your ideal wine destination, but has over 50 wineries and tasting rooms to taste the deep reds and sweet blends grown right from the New Mexican soil.

RodeoHouston: 7 Wines to Sip in the 2020 Champion Wine Garden

Howdy ya’ll, it’s Rodeo Houston season.

IMG-9396.jpg

The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo™ is finally here, and The Black Wine-O had the pleasure of attending the Rodeo Uncorked RoundUp & Best Bites Competition last week to kickoff the 2020 season. I must say I’ve never been to an event of this magnitude where the focus was solely wine, it was overwhelmingly grand in the best way. Of course, Texas does everything BIGGER, and this gourmet pairing event is a perfect example. There was over 100 local participating restaurants paired with over 400 hundred award winning wines. In fact, the Rodeo Uncorked International Wine Competition, held last November, received 3,528 entries from 19 countries around the world. This year’s featured wine region is Mendoza, Argentina mostly known for producing Malbec, Chardonnay and Tempranillo.  If you’re planning on attending the Houston Rodeo this year, don’t fret you’ll still have an opportunity to sample some amazing wines from this year’s winner circle. Rodeo visitors head over to the 2020 Champion Wine Garden, located adjacent to NRG in the Carruth Plaza, for an opportunity to relax and sample varietals that won Class and Reserve Class Champion honors. The best part, revenue from the wine garden is used to support the organization’s scholarship program. This garden oasis features over 70 wines and is worth the trek from the Rodeo happenings for a quick wine down. If your tradition of attending the Rodeo includes a group of friends or fam, enhance the experience by reserving a table as low as $50 (Monday-Thursday) and $75 (Saturday-Sunday) to host a wine social. Tables for two can even be reserved HERE if you want to plan the perfect date night before crooning alongside Khalid or tossing your hair to Lizzo. Sip by the glass or grab a bottle, and enjoy the serene setting including live music, Texas sized Western art sculptures, wine education seminars, complimentary tastings and winemakers from all across the globe. Here are our picks for the top 7 wines to sip in the 2020 Champion Wine Garden.

Karen Warren/Houston Chronicle

Karen Warren/Houston Chronicle

  • Gruet Sauvage Rose', American NV

  • Bingham Family Vineyards Dugout Red, Texas High Plains

  • Josh Cellars Reserve Chardonnay, Sonoma County 2018

  • Fleur de Mer Rose', Cotes de Provence AOP 2018

  • Becker Vineyards Iconoclast Cabernet Sauvignon Barrel Select, Texas 2017

  • Piper Heidsieck Brut,Champagne NV * Grand Champion Best of Show

  • Catena Zapata Malbec, High Mountain Vines Mendoza 2017 ($88 Bottle)